AARP Survey Looks at Recession's Impact on Lower-Income Adults 45+

/PRNewswire/ -- An AARP report released today for the first time paints a picture of the struggles lower-income older adults are facing during the recession. The AARP Closer Look June 2010 survey found that nearly six in 10 Americans 45+ who make less than $25,000 a year say they are either "not at all" or "not too" confident they will have enough money to pay medical and living expenses in retirement, compared to 36 percent of higher income adults.

More than four in 10 (42 percent) lower-income older adults rate their health as "fair" or "poor," compared to only 18 percent of those who earn more than $25,000 a year. Additionally, many report they are struggling to meet basic needs, like paying for food and electricity, heat and water bills.

"While the recession has been devastating for many older Americans, this recent data indicates lower-income folks are being hit particularly hard," said Jo Ann Jenkins, president of AARP's affiliated charity, the AARP Foundation. "Each day, millions are choosing between essentials like buying groceries or paying for prescriptions. It's a devastating choice that no one should have to make."

Similar to the general population, lower-income older adults have cut back, but they are doing so in greater numbers. Nearly 40 percent had to cancel or postpone needed healthcare or dental treatments in the last six months--twice as many as higher-income adults. Twenty-three percent skipped doses, cut pills in half or did not fill prescriptions, compared with 15 percent of higher-income people. Lower-income adults are twice as likely to have looked for more affordable housing in the last six months compared to higher-income levels. And half used their car less to cut down on gas costs.

Additional findings for all income levels indicate the continual struggles older Americans are experiencing in tough economic times:

-- More than one in four adults 45+ (28 percent) stopped contributing to
retirement savings in the past six months, and 14 percent of adults 45
to 64 reported having to prematurely withdraw funds from retirement
savings vehicles--a trend which has increased at a significant rate
over the recession.
-- When asked about current value of retirement savings available, nearly
half (48 percent) reported having less than $50,000 in savings, with
16 percent of those reporting no savings at all.
-- With many older workers currently facing extended unemployment, a
large majority (63 percent) of respondents said that, based on what
they have experienced or observed, older workers face age
discrimination in the workplace.
-- Twenty percent of people 45+ reported problems paying their medical
bills in the last six months. The percentages were significantly
higher for Hispanics (29 percent) and African-Americans (33 percent).
-- More than a quarter of people 45+ have put off or postponed getting
needed health care or dental treatments or services in the last six
months.
-- Gas prices continue to be a challenge for more than a third (35
percent) of people age 45+, but finding adequate public transportation
alternatives is also a problem, 34 percent say.
-- A third of people age 45+ report are fixing up their homes to stay
there longer even as almost half (45 percent) note that their
community lacks affordable housing if they chose to move.


AARP Foundation (www.aarp.org/foundation) and AARP Real Relief (www.aarp.org/realrelief) have resources to help lower-income older Americans make ends meet, including federal benefits assistance, money management programs and tips to cut expenses.

AARP Closer Look is a twice-yearly poll to help understand the effect of social and economic changes on baby boomers and older Americans. The full survey is available at http://www.aarp.org/money/budgeting-saving/info-09-2010/closer-look-econ-0610. html.

Methodology

ICR conducted the Closer Look Survey for AARP via telephone between June 9 and June 30, 2010, among a nationally representative sample of 1,000 respondents 45+. One hundred respondents were Hispanic and 100 were African American. The margin of error is +/- 3.35 percent at a 95 percent confidence level.

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Majority of Voters Expecting Double-Digit Tax Increases in Next 10 Years

/PRNewswire/ -- PJTV's Tea Party TV today unveiled the results of its weekly Tea Party tracking poll, which revealed that 71 percent of likely voters and 76 percent of Independents believe there will be a tax increase of 10 percent or more if current federal spending habits continue.

"Voters overwhelmingly believe the government's spending habits will force lawmakers to increase taxes by double-digit amounts," said Roger L. Simon, CEO of Pajamas Media. "In the last two years, Washington has lifted the debt ceiling twice, extending the limit by $2.2 trillion. Now, Americans - especially Republicans and Independents - are translating that national public debt into a personal financial burden."

When asked about the potential of a tax hike of 20 percent or more, only Democrats were skeptical. Majorities of Republicans (58 percent) and Independents (50 percent) thought this to be a real concern while only 18 percent of Democrats were anxious of this outcome.

The weekly PJTV/Pulse Opinion Research nationwide survey of 1,000 likely voters tracks Tea Party support as well as provides a snapshot of public opinion regarding the week's top issues. In addition to the weekly Tea Party tracking questions, this week's special question asked voters whether they believed taxes would decrease, stay the same, or increase by 10, 20, or 30 percent.

"The poll revealed that support for the Tea Party movement is holding strong at more than 50 percent," said Vik Rubenfeld, PJTV's Polling Director. "Moreover, we are seeing movement in the portion of likely voters who support the movement in the public arena. Today, 39 percent of likely voters report they publicly support the Tea Party, increasing from 33 percent three weeks ago."

Poll Highlights
-- 71 percent of likely voters and 76 percent of self-identified
Independents believe taxes will increase by 10 percent or more in the
next 10 years. Meanwhile, 42 percent of likely voters and 50 percent
of self-Independents believe they will increase by 20 percent or more.
-- 55 percent of likely voters support the Tea Party movement.
-- 39 percent of likely voters support the Tea Party movement publicly,
compared to 35 percent on August 22 and 33 percent on August 15.


Methodology

The Tea Party Tracking Study is a PJTV survey. The telephone survey of 1,000 Likely Voters was conducted by Pulse Opinion Research on August 29, 2010. Pulse Opinion Research, LLC is an independent public opinion research firm using automated polling methodology and procedures licensed from Rasmussen Reports, LLC. Margin of Sampling Error, +/- 3 percentage points with a 95% level of confidence.

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Study Shows Massive Increase in Consumer Bankruptcy Costs

/PRNewswire/ -- People currently filing for Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 consumer bankruptcy protection are facing as much as a 55 percent cost increase as one result of the 2005 comprehensive bankruptcy reforms, according to a new study published in the American Bankruptcy Institute Law Review. In addition, as a direct result of these increased costs, unsecured creditors are being paid a smaller percentage on the dollar today than prior to the 2005 reform.

The study, authored by New York bankruptcy attorney Lois R. Lupica of Thompson & Knight LLP and funded by the American Bankruptcy Institute (ABI) and the National Conference of Bankruptcy Judges (NCBJ), reveals that consumer bankruptcy is a "far more complicated process than it was before the 2005 amendments" based on an increased number of conditions and calculations for filers in addition to a corresponding rise in expenses.

"The government's stated goal in passing bankruptcy reform was to eliminate abuse of the system and create a set of higher eligibility standards for consumers, but this is the first time that the financial impact of those standards has been quantified," says Ms. Lupica, who also serves as a Maine Law Foundation Professor of Law at the University of Maine School of Law in Portland.

The study examined data collected from consumer bankruptcy cases in judicial districts located in Florida, Illinois, Georgia, Maine, Utah, and West Virginia. The costs to consumers was defined as debtor's attorney fees and expenses, trustee fees and expenses, filing fees, credit counseling and debtor education fees, and any other professional fees.

For the sample of Chapter 13 cases, the study found that the median cost for consumers was $2,930 in 2003 and 2004, with an increase to $4,077 in 2007 and 2008. For Chapter 7 cases in the same periods, the costs increased from $900 to $1,399.

"Attorney fees are just part of the required administrative expenses that may have contributed to the overall decline of consumer bankruptcies, even in the face of the public's increased debt load, foreclosures, and loan defaults," Lupica says.

While the overall number of consumer bankruptcy filings has declined since passage of the 2005 reforms, the most recently available data reported by the ABI shows that the 149,268 consumer bankruptcies filed in March 2010 represented the highest monthly total of consumer filings since the reforms were enacted. The March filing total represented a 34 percent increase from the February filing total of 111,693 and a 23 percent increase from the March 2009 total of 121,413.

"Greater up-front costs may have hindered some consumers from filing bankruptcy, but there may be other factors at play," Lupica says. "There was a large volume of negative publicity in the aftermath of the 2005 amendments, as well as heightened efforts by aggressive debt collection and consolidation firms."

The publication of the study marks completion of the first phase of a two-part national survey to analyze how the consumer bankruptcy system has changed in the past five years. The full study is scheduled to be published in late 2011.

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Inept Repairs Leave Economy Stalling

When the Fed's Open Market Committee meets today (Aug 9), its economists will doubtless produce reams of data and theory aiming to explain why GDP growth is fading fast. But there is a very simple - and disturbing - reason why the recovery is sputtering out: The damage we did to our economy during the housing bubble and subprime crisis was far too severe to be fixed by the weak steps our government has taken in response. We tried to cheap out on the repairs to our economy, and they haven't held up.

The leading example is the bank bailout. Only one-third of the TARP funds even went to banks. Instead of using the money to clean the toxic waste out of bank vaults, the Treasury bought just enough bank stock to prop up their share prices. And the money came with almost no stipulations about how the banks could use it.

As a result, the banks aren't back to normal, judging by their anemic lending. Their balance sheets are still stuffed with decaying loans, and they nurse along existing borrowers instead of looking for new ones. Sure, the big banks have all paid back the TARP funds with interest, but so what? Ask the millions of creditworthy people who can't find banks willing to finance their homes or businesses whether the chump change that taxpayers made from TARP was worth it.

Because TARP didn't really fix the banks, the Fed had to step in and take over many of the credit markets they pulled out of, such as commercial paper and mortgage securities. This forced the Fed to use all its financial strength simply to prevent these financial markets from collapsing. That effort used up virtually all the Fed's capacity to do its main job: stimulate the economy.

And then there's the $800 billion stimulus package. Only about one-third of that was actually new spending, which is what it takes to get the economy moving. And this money is spread out over several years, further weakening the power of its economic punch. Another third of the stimulus was in the form of tax cuts, which didn't stimulate the economy because most households used the tax cuts to pay back old loans rather than buy new things. The remaining third mostly tried to replace spending that would have otherwise declined due to unemployment and falling state tax revenues. That is beneficial, but it's no stimulus.

And finally, there is the mortgage relief program. What mortgage relief program, you ask? Exactly. The government bumbled through a series of small and ineffective programs that have created more frustration and dashed hopes than real relief. One of the first steps the government took was to request a voluntary moratorium on foreclosures, which only pushed the foreclosures off to this year. During the moratorium, it tried a voluntary program that refinanced exactly one mortgage during its first six months. The successor program didn't even start until May 2009 and actually tries to avoid reducing the amount the borrower owes. It's no wonder that struggling homeowners would rather negotiate directly with their lenders - or play the default game and stall for time before foreclosure and eviction.

After the buy-now-and-pay-later economy crashed, we chose a buy-now-and-pay-later recovery. Well, it's time to pay. Unfortunately, we can't simply put the programs in place now that we should have implemented back in 2008, such as removing the toxic assets from the banks and passing a true $1 trillion fiscal stimulus. Consumers and firms have moved on, and the economy has changed.

But more importantly, government lost the initiative to take strong action. The Fed committed its resources to supporting the mortgage market. And public sentiment, exemplified by the tea party movement, has turned against further fiscal stimulus. Now we have to pay for the damage by living with lackluster economic growth - maybe years of it.

Will there be a double-dip recession? Probably not - but that would be one of the best things that could happen. The government would once again have reason to take bold action - and get it right this time.

By Connel Fullenkamp 

Connel Fullenkamp is director of undergraduate studies and an economics professor at Duke.

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FDIC Urges Stronger Debit Card and Overdraft Oversight; Other Bank Regulators Should Take Action

/PRNewswire/ -- Statement of CRL president Michael D. Calhoun: "American families, especially those most vulnerable financially, could save millions of dollars a year in costly overdraft fees if guidelines the FDIC proposed today are adopted. The guidelines would encourage the banks the FDIC oversees to offer customers lower-cost overdraft alternatives rather than charge unlimited high-cost overdraft fees--as many banks do, even on small debit card transactions.

Under the proposal, a bank would contact a customer who incurs six overdraft fees within 12 months and offer--and explain--less costly options. The bank would be encouraged to provide the customer with a reasonable opportunity to choose one of them. Banks the FDIC oversees also would be discouraged from re-ordering transactions to maximize overdraft fees.

Banks and credit unions frequently promote their most expensive form of overdraft coverage, which typically imposes a $34 fee per overdraft--twice the amount of the typical debit card purchase that triggers an overdraft--rather than reasonably priced options like a low-interest line of credit or an affordable small-dollar loan. Financial institutions earn $24 billion annually from these high-cost programs.

The proposal comes just days before new Federal Reserve's August 15th rules take effect requiring banks and credit unions to obtain a customer's signature before enrolling them in a costly overdraft program for debit cards. But many banks don't give consumers real choices among alternatives; instead, they steer customers into the highest cost overdraft coverage they offer. The FDIC's proposed guidance indicates the Fed's rule is not sufficient to stop unfair and abusive overdraft practices by lenders: The Fed addresses neither the size of the fees nor how many can be charged.

A decade ago, most banks declined debit card transactions, and at no charge, when a customer's account lacked sufficient funds. Citibank has never charged overdraft fees on debit cards, and Bank of America is stopping the practice. But another big bank, Wells Fargo, continues to charge over a billion dollars a year in debit card overdraft fees. Wells also continues to market a cash advance product that, like payday lending, carries triple-digit annual interest rates.

To comprehensively address abusive short-term loan products, including unfair overdraft practices, the Federal Reserve and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency must join the FDIC's efforts and explicitly limit overdraft fees to no more than six per year. In addition, all regulators should require that the size of the overdraft fee reflect a lender's cost and risk, and they should ban the manipulation of transaction postings."

For CRL's research on banks' overdraft marketing efforts, see http://www.responsiblelending.org/overdraft-loans/research-analysis/banks-targ et-mislead-consumers-as-overdraft-deadline-nears.html.

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AARP Applauds House Introduction of Automatic IRA Bill

/PRNewswire/ -- AARP Executive Vice President Nancy LeaMond offered the following statement in reaction to U.S. Representative Neal's introduction of the Automatic IRA Act of 2010. The bill would provide millions of Americans the opportunity to automatically save for retirement in the workplace:

"AARP is pleased to see momentum building around helping Americans save for retirement. Representative Neal and his colleagues who cosponsored the bill - Representatives Schwartz, Blumenauer and Stark - are to be commended for their leadership on this very important issue.

"To date, both chambers of Congress have introduced legislation that would expand access to retirement savings in the workplace, giving approximately 42 million more workers an opportunity to build their own nest egg.

"The Automatic IRA proposal is a simple, low-cost and common-sense solution to the problem that too few Americans are saving for their retirement. If enacted, this legislation would give tens of millions of employees a new saving option at work through regular, automatic payroll deductions. Studies show that contributions to 401(k) accounts rise dramatically when individuals can contribute to them automatically. The proposal gives employees the choice to opt out of the savings plan, but the goal is to make saving as simple and streamlined as possible for those who wish to do so.

"AARP looks forward to working with Representative Neal to build bipartisan support for this common-sense legislation and make it easier for Americans to save for their own retirement."

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AARP Survey: Americans of All Ages Plan to Rely on Social Security

/PRNewswire/ -- With the 75th anniversary of Social Security approaching, AARP released a new survey report that shows that three in four (75%) adults age 18+ rely on or plan to rely on Social Security for their retirement income, including a large majority (62%) of younger adults age 18-29. The survey also showed a strong majority of those polled oppose reducing Social Security benefits for deficit reduction (85%), and support the infusion of additional revenues into the system to provide the same level of benefits in the future (57%).

Changes to Program Should Strengthen for Long Term, Not Reduce Deficit

The AARP survey found that regardless of age, 85% of adults oppose cutting Social Security to reduce the federal deficit, with more than seven out of ten (72%) strongly opposing it.

However, many support other changes to keep the program strong for future retirees. Over three-quarters (77%) of non-retired adults are worried that they may not have enough money to live on in retirement. To that end, 50% of non-retired adults are willing to pay more now in payroll taxes to ensure Social Security will be there for them when they retire, a finding that has remained consistent over time. Over half (57%) of adults under age 50 would prefer to pay more into Social Security so they can get the same level of benefits provided today as opposed to keeping payroll tax rates at current levels in exchange for lower benefits.

Eight in ten Americans 18+ (81%) believe the government made a commitment to Americans about Social Security being there for them when they retire, and that the government cannot break its promise. In addition, over eight in ten Americans (83%) agree that regardless of income, everyone who pays into Social Security should receive it, a finding that has not changed over time.

"The message from people of all ages to Washington is clear - don't erode the one bedrock of retirement security that unites all Americans," said AARP Executive Vice President Nancy LeaMond. "Americans see Social Security as a benefit they've earned over a lifetime of hard work, and they oppose it being used to reduce the deficit."

Lack of Confidence Does not Diminish Support, Including Among Younger Adults

Although confidence in the future of Social Security has consistently been low over the last 25 years, Americans of all ages strongly support the program. Consistent with previous surveys, a strong majority (63%) believe Social Security is one of the very most important programs in this country, with nine out of ten (90%) younger adults age 18-29 saying that Social Security is an important government program. Among non-retirees who are not confident about the future of Social Security, 84% agree with the statement that "Maybe I won't need Social Security when I retire, but I definitely want to know it's there just in case I do."

In addition, the public's lower level of confidence in the future of Social Security can be partially explained by the lack of awareness about solvency. Only one in five (21%) Americans knew that if the Social Security trust fund is exhausted in 2037, Social Security could still pay reduced benefits.

"Americans overwhelmingly understand that Social Security has literally been a lifeline to millions of friends, family members and neighbors for 75 years," added LeaMond. "More importantly, they want to make sure it will still be there for future generations. Younger Americans, although worried about whether Social Security will be there for them, value the program with unquestionable support, and want to know that they can rely on the benefits when they retire."

Social Security Provides Financial Security for Families

The AARP survey found widespread understanding and support for Social Security as an important resource for families and their loved ones.

Americans overwhelmingly support Social Security's protections for people who are disabled and for children and widowed spouses of deceased workers (91%). Almost two-thirds of Americans 18+ (65%) say that their family would be hard hit if Social Security were cut, including 72% of adults whose household annual income is less than $50,000. Eighty percent of Americans appreciate that Social Security alleviates the financial burden of taking care of parents and 88% of non-retired adults believe Social Security helps older Americans remain independent.

With increased attention on Social Security's future, the survey assessed Americans' attitudes toward key features of the program. Across all ages, nearly eight in ten (79%) Americans surveyed agree that Social Security should continue to provide guaranteed benefits while few (19%) think that it should be more like an investment account, subject to risk of possible losses. Half of Americans believe that Social Security payments for retirees are too low.

"We are celebrating Social Security's 75 years of success in reliably helping millions of people age with dignity, confidence and independence," said LeaMond. "We encourage leaders in Washington to reassure all Americans - in words and in actions - that Social Security will be strengthened, not treated as a piggy bank for deficit reduction, so that we can celebrate again 75 years from now."

During the August Congressional recess, AARP is engaging Americans of all ages in activities around the country to demonstrate to lawmakers the importance of Social Security. The organization is going to state fairs, holding community conversations, and collecting petitions that ask the President and Members of Congress on both sides of the aisle not to cut Social Security benefits for deficit reduction and to keep Social Security strong. AARP has already collected 1.5 million petitions over the past few months.

AARP commissioned GfK Roper, a national survey research firm, to conduct a national random digit dial (RDD) telephone survey of 1,200 adults aged 18 or older. A total of 781 respondents were not retired and 419 were retired. Interviews were conducted from July 15th to 27th, 2010. The results from the study were weighted by age, sex, race, region, and education. The margin of sampling error is approximately +/- 3%.

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