New Research from EBRI: Health Law Cut Some Health Costs in Retirement, But Retirees Will Need Big Savings

/PRNewswire/ -- Even though the new health reform law will reduce some health costs in retirement for many people, retirees will still need a significant amount of savings to cover their out-of-pocket health expenses when they retire, according to a report released today by the nonpartisan Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI). Women in particular will need more savings than men because they tend to live longer.

For instance, EBRI finds that men retiring in this year (2010) at age 65 will need anywhere from $65,000–$109,000 in savings to cover health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket expenses in retirement if they want a 50–50 chance of being able to have enough money; to improve the odds to 90 percent, they'll need between $124,000–$211,000.

Women retiring this year at 65 will need even more: between $88,000–$146,000 in savings if they are comfortable with a 50 percent chance of having enough money, and $143,000–$242,000 if they want a 90 per-cent chance.

These estimates are for Medicare beneficiaries age 65 and older: Anyone retiring early, before age 65, would need even more.

The new EBRI analysis details how much savings an individual or couple will need to cover Medicare and out-of-pocket health care expenses in retirement, updating earlier EBRI simulation results from 2008. Some prior estimates have been significantly revised downward as a result of changes to Medicare Part D (prescription drug) cost sharing that will be phased in by 2020 due to the recently enacted health reform law, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA).

However, EBRI finds that retirees will continue to need a substantial amount of savings to cover their health care expenses in retirement, and that uncertainty related to health care use, prescription drug use, and longevity will still play a major role in planning for retiree health care. Results are shown by the desired level of probability (50, 75, and 90 percent) of having enough savings to cover health costs in retirement.

The full report is titled "Funding Savings Needed for Health Expenses for Persons Eligible for Medicare," and is published in the December 2010 EBRI Issue Brief, online at www.ebri.org

"Because employers are continuing to scale back retiree health benefits, and policymakers may soon begin to address Medicare's funding shortfall, more of the financial costs of health care will be shifted to Medicare beneficiaries in the future," said Paul Fronstin, director of EBRI's Health Research and Education Program, and a co-author of the report.

Dallas Salisbury, EBRI CEO and also a co-author of the report, noted that "many workers are generally unprepared for both health care expenses in retirement and retirement expenses. In fact, many individuals will need more money than the amounts cited in this report," since the analysis deliberately does not factor in the savings needed to cover long-term care expenses or the fact that many people retire prior to becoming eligible for Medicare.

EBRI notes that in 2007 (the most recent data available), Medicare covered 64 percent of the cost of health care services for Medicare beneficiaries age 65 and older, while retirees' out-of-pocket spending accounted for 14 percent. Private insurance and various other government programs covered the remaining 12 percent of costs.

Among the key findings of the EBRI analysis:

* Single men: Men retiring at age 65 in 2010 will need anywhere from $65,000 to $109,000 in savings to cover health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket expenses, if they want an average (50–50) chance of being able to have enough money. If they want a 90 percent chance of having enough to cover these expenses, they'll need between $124,000 to $211,000.
* Single women: Women retiring at age 65 in 2010 will need anywhere from $88,000 to $146,000 in savings to cover health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket expenses for a 50 percent chance of having enough money, and $143,000 to $242,000 if they prefer a 90 percent chance.
* The near-elderly: Persons currently at age 55 will need even greater savings when they turn 65 in 2020. The needed savings for men retiring in 2020 range from $111,000 to $354,000, while needed savings for women range from $147,000 to $406,000 (in 2020 dollars), depending on their source of health insurance coverage to supplement Medicare, any employer subsidies, prescription drug use, and their savings goal related to their comfort level with having a 50 percent, 75 percent, or 90 percent chance of having enough savings to cover health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket health care expenses in retirement.


EBRI is a private, nonprofit research institute based in Washington, DC, that focuses on health, savings, retirement, and economic security issues. EBRI does not lobby and does not take policy positions.

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Watch Out for Black Friday, Cyber Monday: Having Holiday Shopping Smarts Will Pay Off in Time and Money

/PRNewswire/ -- Are you tired of the holidays yet? It's been a winter wonderland in most stores for weeks and prospective shoppers are being bombarded with special deals and offers earlier and more frequently than in past seasons. Retailers are trying to get more consumers in the stores than last year, so deals aren't just happening on one day.

With the increased competition for still limited dollars, the Illinois CPA Society says being aware of the tactics used to lure shoppers will help you spend your time and money wisely. Use this broader shopping season to your advantage – have a strategy, compare prices and stick to a budget. Here's what you'll need to watch out for:

* Black Friday "Month." No longer is there one day designated for kicking off the holiday season. Some stores have already started touting "Black Friday" sales; others will be open on Thanksgiving Day to offer Black Thursday night deals. Shopping can be fun and entertaining, but don't take every opportunity to shop and don't make impulse purchases (especially for yourself).
* Return Policies. If you're shopping early, make sure to read the fine print. Many stores have strict new return policies, especially during the holiday season. If a store won't allow anything to be returned after 30 days, you may want to hold off on purchasing until closer to the date you plan to give it to the recipient. Get gift receipts and keep in mind personal information may be requested on returns. Stores are being more restrictive on return policies and keeping close tabs on return records to prevent fraud.
* Store Credit Cards. If you already have a card from your favorite retailer, see if there are special discounts on Black Friday and the surrounding days. If you're making a large purchase, it may be worth it to open a card for the day, get the discount and immediately pay off the balance. Think twice about opening any new accounts if you can't pay off the balance; they often come with steep interest rates and your holiday savings will be eaten away in finance charges.
* Rebates. Essentially, rebates are big coupons. Spend the money now, but get it back later. The key is to be diligent about sending them in. Make sure you have receipts and any other proofs of purchase needed to process the rebate. Keep copies of these items since rebate submissions can be lost. Note the date you mail the rebate and read the fine print, especially about the dates for submitting the rebate and the time frame you have to purchase the rebate item. Although you're not necessarily saving money immediately upon purchase, think of a rebate as a gift to yourself come January – when the credit card bill is actually due.
* Cyber Monday/Online Shopping. Retailers are making greater use of email, mobile phone apps and texts. They want shopping to be as easy and convenient as possible so you spend as much as possible. Don't get carried away and think before you click. Use those special offers you get through email alerts, but be choosy in giving out contact information so you're not inundated with too many messages. Make sure personal information, like a credit card number, is provided only on secure sites.
* Bank Credit Cards. Choosing your card wisely could net savings and rewards; using too many cards can leave you in deeper credit card debt. See which cards have the best cash back or bonus point offers, which stores and purchases they apply to, and if there are any limits or restrictions.
* Gift Cards. There's good news and bad news with gift cards. Thanks to new government rules, gift cards must remain valid for at least five years from the purchase date. No fees can be charged for cards that haven't been used in the past 12 months. However, cards won't need to show the expiration date and fee policy information until the end of January. You may also be out of luck if the card's lost or stolen; some cards may also still have inactivity fees. And always watch out for the activation fee on some cards – they effectively lessen the total card value.


According to the Illinois CPA Society, the bottom line is making sure you have a game plan. Ask yourself how you're going to pay for all of this and what amount you're budgeting for the holidays. And do you have a list? Sticking to a list will help keep your spending on budget. If you can, try to make all of your purchases using cash or layaway to keep your post-holiday bills low. Be a smart shopper. It's not necessarily a deal just because the store says so, and it's not a deal if you don't need it or it's more than you want to spend.

If you're looking for a little help with your finances, you can find local deals, finance definitions and tips on managing your money on the Society's Twitter consumer resource, @thriftitude.

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Georgians' Holiday Spending Plans Reflect Current Consumer Mindset

/PRNewswire/ -- While not pulling back to Scrooge-ish extremes, Georgia merchants may again face cautious shoppers this holiday season, according to the latest poll from Georgia Credit Union Affiliates (GCUA).

While about half (52.8 percent) of nearly 6,000 credit union members surveyed statewide said they plan to spend about the same as last year, 44.3 percent indicated that they plan to spend less on the holiday season than in 2009. This statistic appears to reflect a continued trend in austerity around gift-giving, given that 51.2 percent of respondents to GCUA's survey in 2009 said they planned to spend less on the holidays than the previous year.

Backing up the latest poll numbers, data from 39 credit unions statewide shows Georgia consumers have a penchant for bolstering their account balances. During the first nine months of 2010, savings deposits grew by 6.3 percent and checking account balances increased by 11.4 percent.

The poll results and credit union data are included in the latest "Paying Attention" report from GCUA, gauging the mindset of Georgia consumers on economic and personal finance. The report also recaps quarterly lending and saving statistics from credit unions statewide.

"Shoppers who already trimmed their spending in 2009 will be frugal again this year," said Mike Mercer, president and CEO of GCUA. "The poll results appear to bear that out, with just 2.9 percent of respondents saying they plan to spend more this holiday season."

Overall, the poll found that:

* 52.8 percent plan to spend about the same this holiday season as last year, while 44.2 percent plan on spending less. Only 2.9 percent plan on spending more this holiday season than last year.
o In 2009, 51.2 percent said they planned to spend less than the previous year while 45.4 percent planned to spend about the same. 3 percent expected to spend more in 2009 compared to the year before.
* Most shoppers still plan to spend modest amounts on gifts. 43.9 percent of respondents are planning to spend between $100 and $500 while 28.7 percent are planning to spend between $500 and $1,000. In a true turn toward austerity, 16.4 percent said they plan to spend less than $100 in total on gifts this year; conversely, 11 percent plan to spend more than $1,000.
o Last year, 47.9 percent said they planned on spending between $100 and $500 in total, 30.8 percent planned on spending between $500 and $1,000 and 11.4 percent said they were going to spend less than $100, and 9.9 percent planned on spending more than $1,000.
* The majority of respondents (77.8 percent) are planning to pay mostly or completely by cash compared to 17.3 percent who plan to pay using a credit card. 4.9 percent plan to use savings from a Christmas club account or other means.
o In 2009, 75.6 percent said they planned on paying all or mostly by cash compared to 11.8 percent who planned on paying all or mostly by credit card. 12.7 percent said they would pay with savings from a Christmas club account or other means.


Credit Union Data Shows Continued Trend Toward Savings

In addition to the consumer poll, GCUA compiled data from 39 credit unions from across the state representing 90 percent of credit union assets and 82 percent of members in Georgia to gauge current lending and savings trends. The data compare year-to-date figures from the first nine months of 2010 to the same period in 2009. Summarized below, the findings indicate a continued trend toward savings among consumers, while figures for lending varied (all rates are annualized):

* Compared to the same period last year, savings deposits grew by 6.3 percent during the first nine months of 2010 and by 7.1 percent over the past year.
* Checking account balances increased by 11.4 percent between January and September and by 16.5 percent over a 12-month period.
* Money market account balances grew by 23.8 percent during the first three quarters of the year and by 35.6 percent over the previous 12 months.
* New vehicle loan balances decreased by 9.7 percent over the past year; however, balances for used car loans increased more than 7.7 percent in the first nine months of 2010, and 10 percent over the past 12 months.
* First mortgage balances increased by 5.8 percent during between January and September and by 12.5 percent over a 12-month period.
* The number of bankruptcy filings among members rose by 13.8 percent over the past 12 months.


"Credit union members represent a good cross section of middle-class Georgians," Mercer said. "Our latest report shows that Georgia consumers seem to be settling into a routine of conscious saving and cautious spending."

More information is available at www.georgiacreditunions.org or on www.facebook.com/creditYOUnion.

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Will Small Business Jobs Act Boost Economic Growth?

The recently enacted Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 fulfills a promise U.S. President Barack Obama made to entrepreneurs soon after his election, pledging to create incentives aimed at encouraging small-business creation and growth.

Many experts agree that the package of finance and tax incentives represents some good news for small businesses struggling to cope with weak economic conditions. Although some faculty at Emory University and its Goizueta Business School and other observers praise the new initiative, others wonder if it will have the necessary impact to help jump-start the economy.

"Until now, large companies have been the biggest beneficiaries of stimulus programs and tax incentives," says Thomas Smith, an assistant professor in the practice of finance at Goizueta. "The accelerated tax write-offs featured in the new act are a good idea, since they’re aimed at incentivizing businesses to make capital purchases that can have a ripple effect throughout the economy."

Among other changes under the Small Business Jobs Act, companies can reduce their taxable income by immediately expensing the costs of certain kinds of newly acquired business assets, instead of depreciating them over their "useful life," a period of years determined by the Internal Revenue Service. Generally, companies like to expense their assets quickly as a way to significantly reduce their tax liability.

The asset write-offs, popularly known as Section 179 after the applicable part of the Internal Revenue Code, were previously limited to $250,000 in a given year. The new act raises the threshold to $500,000 of newly purchased assets per year, subject to certain limitations, during 2010 and 2011.

In another bid to get businesses to spend more, the act extends and revises the so-called bonus depreciation rules, which let taxpayers depreciate 50 percent of the cost of certain assets in the first year they are placed in service.

An earlier set of bonus depreciation rules expired at the end of 2009, but the new act extends it to assets placed in service through the end of 2010, and certain assets may qualify even if they are purchased and put into service through 2011.

Some observers have questioned the timing of the legislation, suggesting that few small business owners will risk making significant capital expenditures during the current downturn. They also complain that the bonus depreciation rules, while welcome, have such a limited timeframe that few businesses will not have enough time to plan and get financing for the capital purchases.

Smith, however, isn’t so sure about that.

"The fact is that machinery and equipment is either wearing out—or, in the case of computers and other technology-based assets—is becoming obsolete," he says. "Businesses that want to stay competitive aren’t likely to hold off on necessary purchases just because the economic recovery isn’t moving as quickly as they hoped. Obama’s responses to the recession may not all be perfect, but he’s moving in the right direction."

If Smith was hedging on his view of the tax incentives, another Obama initiative has his full support.

"I think the tax incentives were a good idea, but the $30 billion that’s being released to banks to stimulate small-business lending is even better," he says. "Many small business owners I’ve spoken with have complained that they’ve wanted to take advantage of expansion and other opportunities, but simply couldn’t get loans to finance their plan."

Besides replacing aging assets, some business want to upgrade to more efficient machinery and equipment that can reduce their operating and other costs, adds Smith.

"It’s difficult to say with certainty exactly what the catalyst to spur business activity will be," Smith observes. "But we’ve got to try bold, new initiatives like these, as well as other strategies, to incentivize businesses to start hiring again. To do nothing would be myopic."

Perhaps, but this economy presents some unique challenges, says T. Clifton Green, an associate finance professor at Goizueta.


"Although the recession is officially over, we seem to be having the jobless recovery that people feared, in that unemployment is still very high," notes Green. "The idea behind the $30 billion government bank-loan program and the tax credit initiative is to get small businesses spending to expand their businesses and hire new people."

But large companies can easily borrow at historically low rates, "and they are not using the money to expand," he adds. "Rather than hiring, they're using new debt to buy back stock or replace old technology that they held off replacing during the recession. The recent behavior of large business suggests the small business act may not have the intended new hiring effect."

Indeed, William J. Carney, a chaired professor of corporate law at Emory, stresses that another administration initiative, healthcare reform, may have already undermined any benefit the Small Business Jobs Act may have provided.

"Congress meant well by pushing businesses to provide healthcare insurance," he says. "But it could be counterproductive to hiring, especially among low-wage employers who don't want to take on "Cadillac" insurance programs for minimum-wage workers. We've already seen pushback from McDonald's Corp. and other big employers that complained and are getting limited waivers."

Yet New York City entrepreneur and Goizueta graduate Brett Klasko believes that more credit access could boost businesses.

"Opening up the lending channels is a good idea," says Klasko, chief executive officer of the marketing firm Phinaz whose subsidiaries, Ticket Boosterand Investors Alley, focus on the sports and financial industries, respectively.

"The additional federal funding could give banks an incentive to lend," he adds.

If the effectiveness of this program and others is in debate, then how—or if—such legislation can stimulate a positive response with voters in the midterm elections is even murkier.

"I don’t know if this program and others will really help the Democrats much in the midterm elections," notes Klasko. "For example, the president has been pushing to let some or all of the Bush-era tax cuts expire, and I don’t think that’s a good idea, since it will end up hurting businesses."

Obama may hope that the administration’s most recent stimulus effort will help Democrats in the November elections, but Goizueta finance professor Tarun Chordia does not believe it will help the economy much.

"The act, like the previous "cash for clunkers" and "homebuyers’ incentive," might just move some activity forward," he says. "It might not really create new activity, and we’ll suffer the aftereffects later on."

In contrast to these "small fixes," there’s a real need to upgrade infrastructure, says Chordia. "We currently have spare capacity in the economy, and it is important that the right projects are funded. There is a large debate in economics between those who feel that government spending on infrastructure projects during downturns can help future GDP growth and those who feel that government spending is generally wasteful. It is probably true that projects funded for political reasons, just before the November elections, are likely to be wasteful.

Chordia believes that big issues like the hangover in the housing market will take at least two or three years to resolve, regardless of what the federal government does.

"This recession is different than past slumps," explains Chordia. "In this one, we’ve seen a broad retreat in asset prices, and it will take time to get supply and demand back into balance. At this point the motivation for the stimulus programs seems to be the November election."

From Knowledge@Emory

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The Return of the Holiday Layaway

/PRNewswire/ --Layaway may sound like an old-school concept, especially in today's "buy now, pay later" society. But the idea of setting aside products to pay for gradually is making a comeback, and is a great alternative to using credit cards this upcoming holiday season.

"The credit card allows shoppers to buy on impulse without the immediate worry of how to pay for their purchases," said Dorothy Guzek , GreenPath Debt Solutions financial counselor. "Unfortunately, when the credit card bill comes due, consumers are left with a surprise balance they can't afford to pay, because they forgot to keep track of each purchase."

Layaway may be the answer for those who can't afford to pay all at once or who simply want to avoid using credit cards this holiday season. An added benefit is that layaway helps keep prying eyes from gifts and presents before the big holiday celebration.

"Our customers are looking for ways to better manage their spending, while still getting the items they need and want," said Salima Yala , Divisional Vice President of Financial Services for Sears Holdings. "Layaway is a financial tool, much like an interest-free payment plan, that allows them to pay over a set period of time."

In addition to traditional in-store layaway, stores like K-Mart and Sears are offering online layaway programs. Online layaway lets you browse and shop for items on the web, pay over time just as you would with traditional layaway, and then pick up the merchandise in-store.

"Layaway provides customers with innovative ways to shop – and with the launch of online layaway, the younger generation of online shoppers are able to manage their budgets, and shopping needs, in a smarter way," said Yala.

GreenPath Debt Solutions offers the following tips for buying on layaway:

1. Get a copy of the store's layaway policies and staple it to your receipt. You may also find layaway policies on the store's website.
2. Make sure you understand the policies such as schedule of payments, late fee policies, refund and exchange policies, markdowns on sale prices and loss or damage of items while in layaway.
3. Be realistic in what you can afford over time and what you put on layaway.
4. Keep clear and accurate records of payments made (staple them to the original receipt and layaway policy statement) in case you have disputes later.
5. When going to the store to make a payment, use the direct in-out method. Walk into the store and directly to the layaway counter to make the payment and then walk back out to your car. Avoid the urge to shop. Preferably, make your layaway payment online and avoid the stores altogether.
6. Don't forget that, until you pay off the items in layaway, the store has your money and merchandise. If the store goes out of business while you're still paying, you could be out both the cash and goods. So only deal with reputable businesses.


Other stores offering layaway this holiday season include Sears, T.J. Maxx, Burlington Coat Factory, Marshalls and Toys R Us, among others. You many find more stores by searching the Internet.

GreenPath's Guzek reminds shoppers, "Regardless of how you decide to shop this holiday season, make a budget in advance, shop from a list, track your expenses and stick with your original plan."

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